ABfinity™ Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody validated to Human and expected reactivity with human, mouse, rat, equine, opossum, bovine, orangutan, chicken, swine, canine, carp, zebrafish, platypus, salmon, Xenopus. This antibody is validated for use in Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, and Flow Cytometry. AMPKβ1 [pS182] is encoded by the 5564 gene, also known as AMPK, HAMPKb, MGC17785.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic and stress-sensing kinase that regulates homeostasis, and is a key target for treating Type 2 diabetes and obesity (1-7). AMPK exists as a heterotrimeric complex comprised of a catalytic α subunit (62 kDa) and non-catalytic β and γ subunits. The β subunit has at least three isoforms, designated β1, β2 and β3. AMPK is phosphorylated by upstream kinases, including AMPK Kinase (AMPKK) and LKB1, which results in AMPK activation (8). Activated AMPK in turn regulates metabolism by phosphorylating rate-limiting enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, which are required for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. The phosphorylation site recognized by this antibody is S182 of the β1 isoform. Reactivity with other β isoforms has not been determined.

Miller, E.J., et al. (2008) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase in the ischaemic heart. Nature 451:578-583.
D’Eon, T.M., et al. (2008) Estradiol and the estradiol intermediate, 2-hydroxyestradiol, activate AMP-activated protein kinase in C2C12 myotubes. Obesity 16:1284-1288.
McCullough, L.D., et al. (2005) Pharmacological inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase provides neuroprotection in stroke. J. Biol. Chem. 280(21):20493-20502.
Jorgensen, S.B., et al. (2004) The alpha2-5'AMP-activated protein kinase is a site 2 glycogen synthase kinase in skeletal muscle and is responsive to glucose loading. Diabetes 53(12):3074-3081.
Shaw, R.J., et al. (2004) The tumor suppressor LKB1 kinase directly activates AMP-activated kinase and regulates apoptosis in response to energy stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101(10):3329-3335.
Zhou, M.H., et al. (2004) Activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase by the anti-diabetic drug metformin in vivo. Role of mitochondrial reactive nitrogen species. J. Biol. Chem. 279(42):43940-43951.
Hawley, S.A., et al. (2002) The antidiabetic drug metformin activates the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade via an adenine nucleotide-independent mechanism. Diabetes 51(8):2420-2425.
Woods, A., et al. (2003) Identification of phosphorylation sites in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for upstream AMPK kinases and study of their roles by site-directed mutagenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 278(31):28434-28442.